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Helischool - the virtual Flightschool

Lesson 16 - Emergency landing with auto rotation

Houston, we've got a problem!

There are two common reasons for emergency landing by auto rotation: failure of the motor, failure of the tail rotor. As the motor failure is still quite manageable, remains the failure of the tail rotor problem
. We often have no way to bring the helicopter on time in a horizontal position and sufficient amount.

The conditions for landing with autorotation:

  • A freeweel in the maingear.
  • Pitch minimum  to -4 Degrees possible.
  • Immediate reaction to the power dip.
  • Practice, practice, practice.

Theory, quite simply:
The rotor screws on energy consumption at positively adjusted rotor blades rises the heli upwards. If the drive of the rotor failed, it will used the rest energy in a few seconds and stop.

We respond, but take the whole pitch back and put the rotor blades in the minus range. The heli is now falling heavily, and the rotor blades "screws" may be in the air to the bottom. Just like a small pin wheel which moves to the air and it is turns.

We also set the height energy in rotation speed. In the best case, the first rotor remains in its rotation speed.

The control is restricted
Almost all RC-Helis remains the tail rotor during the auto rotation. It affects only the rudder area as a wind vane. Directional changes are still limited and only possible on roll over and Nod controll, but any increased control amplitude slows the rotor!

So please do not create unnecessary control movements! A steady forward drive should be initiated. That brings two advantages: the tail remains back and the heli sets in 'direction'.

The motor is still
You could hear the standstill.
Reactions:

  1. Roll and nod neutral, pull back the pitch below zero.
  2. Bring the heli in slowly forward drive.
  3. Drawn the pitch as long as possible into the negativ array.
  4. Three to four meters above the ground get the pitch in the middle position
  5. A meter on the ground should be stopped the interception
  6. Nose up and reduce the drive without to rise again
  7. To erect the heli, it must lie horizontally
  8. If ground contact pull back the pitch immediately 

 

The tail rotor drops out
For small as large helicopter a disaster. The torque of the main rotor will no longer be compensated. At low drive, the helicopter rotated now around the vertical axis. Controlling the direction and flight situation is no longer possible.

I can only give some advices. How the landing turns, depends only on the lean angle at which the heli was during the failure.
In larger amount it succeeds sometimes to switch off the engine and to land with auto rotation. In low-altitude, it makes sense to fall immediately and to try a kind of landing.
If you have a lot of space, it is useful to rise with a fully Pitch to the top and then to land with auto rotation.


Exercises
On the large space do often rapid descents from greater heights and early catch and standing. The first time end in at least five meters height. With the increasing security initiate the standstill one meter deeper. At the end exit it with the landing.

Who could create programmes on his controller, should take an easily accessible trigger switch for auto rotation: OFF = Motor off, ON = Soft start of the engine. Soft start, because the motor don not hoik the engine speed and damaged the gear.
With this technology, the motor failure can be simulated. In case of doubt, patch the engine back and restart the exercise.

This switch also makes sense at the failure of the tail rotor. If the heli has no forward drive during the failure, he begins to rotate more or less quickly to its vertical axis. By turning off the drive you could exit this state and go to the auto rotation.